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MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers

MLA - In-Text Citations: Wherever you incorporate another's words, facts, or ideas, cite the author's last name and a page reference, within the paragraph of your text. MLA - Works Cited: This bibliographic section of your essay lists all works used in the text of your paper. Entries are arranged alphabetically by the author's last name or, if the author's name is unknown, by the title of the work. In the "Works Cited" list, second and subsequent lines in citations should be indented a half inch or 5 spaces; see Section 4.4.

*For Electronic Sources, see below.
*For Hints & Tips, see below.

Type of Entry:	Works Cited Form (Bibliographic):		In-Text Citation Form:	MLA Section:
Book, Single	Keyser, Elizabeth Lennox. Whispers in the Dark: The Fiction of		(Keyser 75-76).	4.6.1
Author		Louisa May Alcott. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1993.

Book, More	Robert H. Plummer, Block, Clyde E., and Richard C. Smith, Jr.		(Plummer,	4.6.4
Than 1		The Two-Year College: A Social Synthesis. Englewood Cliffs,	Block, and
Author		NJ: Prentice, 1965.	Smith 51).

No Author	A Handbook of Korea. 4th ed. Seoul: Korean Overseas		(A Handbook	4.6.11
Given		Information Service, Ministry of Culture & Information, 1982.	241-47).

Author's	Auerbach, Nina. "Jane Austen and Romantic Imprisonment."		(Auerbach 10).	4.6.7
Work in an		Jane Austen in a Social Context. Ed. David Monaghan.
Anthology		Totowa, NJ: Barnes, 1981. 9-27.

Multivolume	Daiches, David. A Critical History of English Literature. 2^nded. 2		(Daiches 2:	4.6.15
Book		vols. New York: Ronald, 1970.	538-39).

Book, with	McCain, Margaret Read, ed. The Folklore of World Holidays.		(McCain 34).	4.6
Editor		Detroit: Gale Research. 1992.

Book, with	Martin, Michael T., et. al., eds. New Latin American Cinema. 2 vols.		(Martin 156)	4.6
Multiple		Detroit: Wayne State UP, 1997.
Editors

Encyclopedia	“Israel.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Micropaedia. 15^th ed.		(“Israel”).	4.6.8
Article,		1987.
Unsigned

Encyclopedia	Mohanty, Jitendra M. “Indian Philosophy.” The New		(Mohanty 134).	4.6.8
Article,		Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 15^th ed. 1987.
Signed

Magazine or	Cowley, Geoffrey. "I'd Toddle a Mile for a Camel." Newsweek		(Cowley 70).	4.7.1
Journal		23 Dec. 1991: 70-71.
Article

Newspaper	"Give Georgia More Hope." Atlanta Journal Constitution 18 Dec.		("Give" G6).	4.7.1
Article,		1994: G6.
Unsigned

Newspaper	William, Robert. "Lewis Helps Messalonskee Think Straight."		(William 8).	4.7.5
Article,		Waterville Morning Sentinel 10 Feb. 1995: 19.
Signed

Film Review	Harrington, Richard. "Under Siege 2: Railroad Ruckus." Rev. of Under		(Harrington D1).	4.7.7
		Siege 2. Washington Post 15 July 1995: D1+.

Pictures	Johnson, Bill. “Waterfall.” Art In America 3 April 2000: 26.		(Johnson 26).	4.8.6

Letters	Bush, George W. Letter from the President. 2 January 2001.		(Bush).	4.8.13

Interview,	King, Angus. Personal interview. 17 March 1995.		(King).	4.8.7
Personal

Interview,	Morganis, Nancy. Telephone interview. 8 Aug. 1995.		(Morganis).	4.8.7
Telephone

Video	Invisible World. Videocassette. Prod. Vestron Video. National		(Invisible).	4.8.3
		Geographic Society, 1979. 60 min.

Television	"Debate on Welfare." Face the Nation. CBS. 6 Aug. 1995.		("Debate").	4.8.1
Program

Electronic Sources:
When citing online sources, the first date is the publication date of the site;
the second date is the date on which you *visited* the site.

Online Data-	Dane, Abe. “Understanding and Exploring the Internet.” Newsweek		(Dane 77-79).	4.9.4a
base Article,		March 29, 1997: p. 75+. EBSCO Publishing. 15 January 2003
with Author		<http://www.epnet.com>.

Online Data-	“Playing With Their Food?” National Wildlife February/March 1998:		(“Playing” 11).	4.9.4f
base Article,		p. 11. EBSCO Publishing. 2 May 2003 <http://www.epnet.com>.
No Author

Online	William, Robert. “Lewis Helps Messalonskee Think Straight.”		(William 8).	4.9.4b
Newspaper		Waterville Morning Sentinel Online 15 Feb. 1995. 4 January 2003
		<http://www.onlinesentinel.com>.

Online	"Skin Cancer." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. 15 January 2003		("Skin").	4.9.2b
Encyclopedia		<http://www.britannica.com>.
Article

Web Page,	Dawe, James. Jane Austen Page. 15 September 1998. 1 May		(Dawe).	4.9.2c
With Author		2003 <http://www.nyquist.ualberta.cal~dawe/austen.html>.

Web Page,	Jane’s Tribal Costumes. 3 May 1998. 15 January 2003 <http://www.		(Jane’s).	4.9.2c
No Author		<http://www.Jane.com>.

E-Book	Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. Ed. Henry Churchyard. 1996.		(Austen).	4.9.3a
		10 September 1998. 15 January 2003 <http://pemberley.com/
		janeinfo/pridprej.html>.

CD-ROM	Russo, Vito. “Motion Pictures, History of.” Microsoft Encarta 98.		(Russo).	4.9.5a
Article		CD-ROM. Redmond: Microsoft Corporation, 1997.
With Author

CD-ROM	“Lincoln, Abraham.” Encyclopedia of World Biography. CD-ROM.		(“Lincoln").	4.9.5a
Article		Detroit: Gale Research, 1999.
No Author

Online	Evans, Walker. Penny Picture Display.1936. Museum of Modern Art,		(Evans).	4.9.9d
Graphics or		New York. 30 June 1998. 15 January 2003 <http://www.moma.
Pictures		org/collection/photography/pages/evans.penny.html>.

E-Mail	Boyle, Anthony T. “Re: World Peace.” E-mail to Daniel J. Cahill.		(Boyle).	4.9.9j
		15 January 2003.


General Hints & Tips: How to prepare the Works Cited (Section 4.6.3) page and Bibliography page: If you cannot determine what a source is, see Section 4.9.8 (A Work in an Indeterminate Medium). The works cited page is still in the text of your research paper and will include the page number heading continued from the last page of your text. Entitle this page: Works Cited. Center this title at the top of the page. Double space between the title and your first entry. List all entries in alphabetical order by last name of the author; sources with no author should be alphabetized by the first important word in the entry. In citing a work with more than 3 authors, give only the first author's name and add et al. In citing more than one work by the same author, give the author's name in the first entry only. Alphabetize the works according to the title. In place of the name of the author in all but the first entry, type three hyphens and a period, skip two spaces, and state title. Underline or italicize titles of independently published works: books, periodicals, etc. Use quotation marks around titles of short works such as a poem, article, or short story. Double-space between lines of an entry and between entries. Begin the first line of each entry at the left margin; indent all other lines five spaces. Each item in the entry should be separated by a period followed by one space. [A bibliography page lists documents or sources read during research but not used in the text of your paper. Follow the same format as that of the works cited page.] FOR ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES AND INSTRUCTIONS, SEE YOUR FRIENDLY NEIGHBORHOOD LIBRARIAN. (OR SEE THE MLA HANDBOOK FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH PAPERS.)